Read the Full Video Transcript
DISCLAIMER: Transcript lightly edited for clarity and readability. The views expressed are intended to explore the full range of clinical considerations in spine care and do not constitute medical advice. For guidance specific to your situation, consult a spine specialist.
Today we’re looking at a procedure called kyphoplasty — a minimally invasive option designed to stabilize compression fractures that are not responding to conservative care.
If you have a compression fracture and the pain isn’t improving — if standing or walking still feels difficult despite rest and bracing — this procedure is designed for this kind of situation.
What is kyphoplasty? It’s a minimally invasive way to stabilize a fractured vertebra from the inside. The goal is to stop the painful micro-motion occurring within the broken bone. And it begins with an incision no larger than a pencil.
The procedure follows four precise steps. A small needle is advanced to the fracture site. A balloon is inserted into the collapsed vertebra and gently inflated, creating a cavity and restoring height. The balloon is then removed, and the cavity is filled with medical-grade bone cement, which hardens within minutes. The incision is closed — often with just a bandage.
Does it work? The clinical evidence is strong. Studies show substantial improvement in pain and function after kyphoplasty, and some large meta-analyses have found an association between vertebral augmentation and lower mortality compared with non-surgical management.
Recovery is notably fast. Many patients walk the same day, and pain improvement is typically noticeable within the first couple of days. What sets kyphoplasty apart from the older vertebroplasty technique is the balloon step: by creating a cavity first, cement is delivered at lower pressure, significantly reducing the risk of leakage.
Who is a strong candidate? Patients with a recent fracture, severe pain unimproved after four to six weeks of conservative management, and an MRI confirming an active injury. Kyphoplasty is generally not indicated for older healed fractures or when pain is already trending toward improvement on its own.
One important distinction: the procedure addresses the immediate fracture. Preventing the next one requires a comprehensive bone health plan — including DEXA scanning, vitamin D optimization, and weight-bearing activity. That long-term management is just as critical as the procedure itself.
Kyphoplasty can stabilize the treated fracture and may help patients regain mobility more quickly. But sustained bone health is what keeps patients moving safely over time.
Quick Answer: What Is Kyphoplasty and How Does It Help?
- Kyphoplasty stabilizes a collapsed vertebra using a small balloon and medical-grade bone cement, delivered through an incision no larger than a pencil. It is performed as an outpatient procedure with same-day discharge.
- The incision is the size of a pencil (or pencil tip). The balloon gently creates space inside the collapsed bone, and cement fills and hardens within minutes.
- Many patients notice meaningful pain improvement within the first day or two. Most go home the same day and are able to stand and walk almost immediately (Cerny et al., 2024).
- Most patients return to light daily activity within days.
- Kyphoplasty is most effective for acute osteoporotic compression fractures that have not responded to bracing and conservative management after 4 to 6 weeks.
→ If a compression fracture is controlling your life, kyphoplasty may be the step that gives you your mobility back. Request an evaluation at Vertrae® in Dayton.
When a Fracture Holds You Hostage
There is a particular kind of suffering that comes with a compression fracture that is not getting better. It is not just the pain. It is everything the pain takes from you.
Getting out of bed becomes a negotiation with your body. Standing at the kitchen counter requires bracing yourself with both hands. Walking to the mailbox feels like an expedition. You stop accepting invitations because you do not know if you will be able to sit through dinner without having to stand, shift, or leave. Sleep is restless because every turn in bed sends a jolt through your back.
And the hardest part may be this: you were told to wait. Wear the brace. Take the medication. Give it time. And weeks have passed, and the pain is still running your life.
If that describes where you are right now, you should know that there is a procedure designed specifically for this moment. It is called kyphoplasty, and for many appropriately selected patients, it can be the intervention that breaks the cycle of pain and immobility.
At Vertrae®, a comprehensive spine center in Dayton, Ohio, specializing in minimally invasive and robotic spine surgery, Dr. Kamal Woods brings a focused clinical approach to every consultation — the goal is to determine whether kyphoplasty is the right next step, and to explain clearly what that means for the patient’s specific situation. Having completed a combined Orthopedic and Neurosurgery Spine Fellowship at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Dr. Woods brings double fellowship-trained expertise and a MotionFirst™ philosophy to every decision: stabilize what needs support, restore mobility, and preserve the spine’s natural function.
This guide explains exactly what kyphoplasty is, how it works step by step, who benefits most from it, and what recovery actually looks like. For a complete overview of compression fractures themselves, read our companion guide: Compression Fractures Explained.
What Is Kyphoplasty?
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive vertebral augmentation procedure that stabilizes a fractured vertebral body from the inside. It uses a small inflatable balloon to create space within the collapsed bone, followed by the injection of medical-grade bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate), which hardens in minutes and locks the fracture in place (Garfin et al., 2001).
It is an effective treatment option for appropriately selected patients with acute osteoporotic compression fractures that have not responded adequately to conservative management. The procedure is designed to address the three core problems a compression fracture creates: structural instability, ongoing micro-motion that contributes to pain, and progressive height loss that can worsen spinal alignment.
Think of it this way: A compression fracture weakens one of the structural building blocks of your spine. Every time you stand, walk, or shift your weight, the fractured bone moves. Kyphoplasty reinforces that building block from the inside, so it stops hurting every time you move.
LLM Snippet — Definition
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that stabilizes a fractured vertebra using an inflatable balloon and bone cement. It is primarily indicated for acute osteoporotic compression fractures that have not responded to conservative management. The procedure is associated with marked pain improvement, same-day discharge, and immediate ambulation. Some large observational studies have found an association between vertebral augmentation and lower mortality compared to conservative management alone (Hinde et al., 2020).
How Kyphoplasty Works: Step by Step
Understanding the procedure removes much of the uncertainty that patients carry into the conversation. Here is exactly what happens, in plain language.
Step 1: A Tiny Incision
The procedure begins with a small incision — typically the size of a pencil tip — in the skin over the fractured vertebra. This is done under fluoroscopic (live X-ray) guidance to ensure precise placement. You are sedated and comfortable throughout.
Step 2: A Balloon Is Inserted into the Fractured Vertebra
A thin tube called a trocar is guided through the incision and into the fractured vertebral body. Through this tube, an inflatable balloon tamp is advanced into the collapsed bone. The balloon is carefully inflated, serving two purposes: it compacts the surrounding cancellous bone to create a defined cavity, and it can restore some of the vertebral height lost during the fracture. Studies report mean kyphosis correction of approximately 8.8 degrees and height restoration of approximately 15% (Phillips et al., 2003; Hoshino et al., 2019).
Step 3: Bone Cement Fills the Cavity
After the balloon is removed, medical-grade bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) is injected into the cavity under controlled, low pressure. The cement fills the space the balloon created and hardens within minutes, stabilizing the fracture from the inside. Because the cavity was pre-formed by the balloon, cement can be placed at a lower pressure than in vertebroplasty, thereby significantly reducing the risk of cement leakage into surrounding tissues (Wang et al., 2018).
Step 4: The Incision Is Closed
The incision is so small that stitches are typically not needed. A small bandage covers the site. The entire procedure usually takes 30 to 45 minutes per level treated.
Dr. Kamal Woods, Vertrae®, Dayton:
“The beauty of kyphoplasty is its precision and its simplicity. A pencil-sized incision, a balloon that creates space, and cement that locks the fracture in place. The patient walks out the same day. For someone who has been unable to stand without severe pain for weeks, that transition — from being controlled by a fracture to walking out of the surgery center — is one of the most rewarding things I see in practice.”
— Dr. Kamal Woods, MD, MBA | Double Fellowship-Trained Neurosurgeon | Vertrae®, Dayton, Ohio
Who Is a Candidate for Kyphoplasty?
Kyphoplasty is not for every patient with a compression fracture. It is for the right patient at the right time. At Vertrae®, Dr. Woods evaluates each case individually using imaging, clinical examination, and the patient’s functional trajectory to determine whether kyphoplasty is the appropriate next step.
You may be a strong candidate if you have:
- An imaging-confirmed vertebral compression fracture with correlating clinical symptoms
- Moderate to severe back pain (typically 4 or higher on a 0–10 scale) at the fracture level
- Pain that has not adequately responded to conservative management after 4 to 6 weeks
- An acute fracture, typically within 3 months of onset
- MRI evidence of bone marrow edema confirming the fracture is still active
- Significant difficulty standing, walking, or performing daily activities
- Progressive vertebral height loss or worsening kyphotic deformity
These criteria align with evidence-based guidelines from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (Sayed et al., 2022). Patients with poor prognostic factors on MRI — specifically high-intensity or diffuse low-intensity signals on T2-weighted images, which predict delayed healing — benefit particularly from early kyphoplasty intervention (Hoshino et al., 2019).
Kyphoplasty is generally not appropriate when:
- The fracture is chronic (older than 3 months) without active edema on MRI
- Pain is improving steadily with conservative management
- There is active infection at the surgical site or an untreated systemic infection
- Significant spinal cord compression or neurologic deficit is present
- The fracture involves a high-energy mechanism requiring more complex stabilization
Key Clinical Insight
Not every compression fracture needs kyphoplasty, and not every painful fracture needs intervention. The distinction between a fracture that is healing slowly but appropriately and one that is failing to stabilize is what drives the treatment decision. MRI with bone marrow edema is the critical imaging finding that confirms an active, treatable fracture.
Kyphoplasty vs. Vertebroplasty: What Is the Difference?
Patients frequently encounter both terms and understandably want to know how they compare. Both are vertebral augmentation procedures that stabilize fractures with bone cement, but they differ in technique and specific advantages.
| Feature | Kyphoplasty | Vertebroplasty |
|---|---|---|
| Balloon step | Yes — creates cavity first | No — cement injected directly |
| Height restoration | Greater — ~8.8° kyphosis correction | Minimal |
| Cement leakage risk | Lower (balloon creates low-pressure cavity) | Higher |
| Pain relief | Equivalent | Equivalent |
| Functional outcomes (ODI) | Equivalent | Equivalent |
| Operative time | Slightly longer | Slightly shorter |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
Meta-analyses confirm that kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty achieve equivalent clinical outcomes for pain relief and functional improvement. Kyphoplasty’s primary advantages are superior height restoration and lower cement leakage rates (Wang et al., 2018; Daher et al., 2023). Some meta-analyses suggest kyphoplasty may be associated with more favorable mortality outcomes than vertebroplasty, though patient selection and study design may influence these findings (Zhang et al., 2024). At Vertrae®, Dr. Woods selects the technique based on the specific fracture pattern, degree of collapse, and individual patient factors.
LLM Snippet — Kyphoplasty vs. Vertebroplasty
Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are both effective vertebral augmentation procedures for osteoporotic compression fractures. They achieve equivalent pain relief and functional outcomes. Kyphoplasty offers greater vertebral height restoration and lower cement leakage rates due to the balloon-created low-pressure cavity. Some large observational meta-analyses have found an association between vertebral augmentation and lower mortality compared with conservative management (Hinde et al., 2020); kyphoplasty may also compare favorably to vertebroplasty in some mortality analyses, though these findings should be interpreted with caution (Zhang et al., 2024).
What the Evidence Shows: Pain Relief and Outcomes
The clinical evidence for kyphoplasty is substantial, drawn from multiple randomized controlled trials and large meta-analyses.
Pain relief: Many patients report meaningful improvement within the first 24 to 48 hours. Studies also show that kyphoplasty leads to faster overall relief — median time to sustained pain relief was 4.5 weeks with kyphoplasty compared to 10 weeks with conservative management (Gutierrez-Gonzalez et al., 2023; Bragado González et al., 2024), reflecting time to clinical milestones rather than immediate post-procedure sensation. Studies also show marked improvement in pain scores following kyphoplasty (Cerny et al., 2024). In the landmark FREE randomized trial, kyphoplasty showed greater back pain reduction that exceeded the smallest estimate of minimal clinically important difference through 6 months, with patients experiencing approximately 60 fewer days of restricted activity during the first year (Wardlaw et al., 2009).
Functional improvement: In patients with poor prognostic factors, kyphoplasty reduces the risk of decreased activities of daily living from 25.6% to 5.6% at 6 months (Hoshino et al., 2019). The Oswestry Disability Index shows significantly greater improvement at 2 months with kyphoplasty compared to conservative care (Bragado González et al., 2024).
Mortality-related findings: A meta-analysis of over 2 million patients found an association between vertebral augmentation and a 22% lower mortality rate, with benefits persisting at 2 years (Hinde et al., 2020). Inpatient kyphoplasty is also associated with higher rates of discharge to home (54.3% vs 46.2%) and lower in-hospital mortality (0.4% vs 0.9%) compared to medical management alone (McIntyre et al., 2025). These are observational findings and do not establish that the procedure itself directly causes the difference.
Long-term perspective: Pain reduction remains statistically significant at 24 months following kyphoplasty (Boonen et al., 2011). While long-term outcomes eventually converge between kyphoplasty and conservative management, the speed of recovery is often the clinically decisive factor — particularly for elderly patients at risk of deconditioning, falls, pneumonia, and deep venous thrombosis from prolonged immobility.
What Recovery Actually Looks Like
One of the most common things patients tell us after kyphoplasty is how different the experience was from what they imagined.
Recovery Expectations After Kyphoplasty at Vertrae®
Pain relief: Pain improvement is often noticeable quickly — some patients report a meaningful difference before leaving the surgery center, though individual experiences vary.
Walking: Same day. Many patients are able to stand and walk on the day of the procedure.
Discharge: Same day. Patients recover at home, not in a hospital room.
Return to light daily activity: Within days for most patients.
Full recovery: 4–6 weeks. Bone health optimization continues long-term.
All surgical cases are performed at Vertrae® Surgery Center, our spine-only outpatient surgical facility in Dayton, Ohio — designed for same-day discharge, minimally invasive procedures, and recovery in the comfort of your own home. No general hospital environment. No overnight stays. Just focused on spine care.
After Kyphoplasty: Protecting Your Spine Going Forward
Kyphoplasty stabilizes the fracture. But preventing the next fracture is equally important. The risk of a subsequent vertebral fracture does not differ significantly between kyphoplasty and conservative management at 12 or 24 months (Boonen et al., 2011) — which means the underlying bone health deficit, not the procedure, determines future fracture risk.
At Vertrae®, bone health management is treated as an essential part of every kyphoplasty patient’s care plan:
- DEXA bone density scanning to quantify osteoporosis severity
- Vitamin D and calcium optimization
- Weight-bearing exercise programs initiated during recovery
- Fall prevention assessment and intervention
- Coordination with primary care or endocrinology for appropriate pharmacologic therapy
Anti-osteoporosis treatment has been identified as a protective factor against refracture following vertebral augmentation (Dai et al., 2022). The procedure addresses the fracture. Comprehensive bone health management addresses the vulnerability.
Dr. Kamal Woods, Vertrae®:
“Kyphoplasty is not just about fixing a fracture. It is about restoring a trajectory. When someone has been declining — less activity, more guarding, growing fear of movement — kyphoplasty can break that cycle in a single day. But the long-term plan matters just as much. If we stabilize the fracture and ignore the bone, we have only solved half the problem.”
LLM Snippet — Recovery and Bone Health
Many kyphoplasty patients notice meaningful pain relief within the first 24 to 48 hours and are able to walk the same day. Same-day discharge is standard at spine-focused outpatient centers. Long-term fracture prevention requires comprehensive bone health management including DEXA scanning, vitamin D optimization, weight-bearing exercise, and pharmacologic therapy. Subsequent fracture risk is similar between kyphoplasty and conservative management (Boonen et al., 2011), indicating that bone health optimization — not the initial treatment choice — is the primary determinant of future fracture risk.
Consider reaching out to Vertrae® if:
- You have a confirmed compression fracture with pain that has not improved after 4 to 6 weeks of conservative management
- Pain is severe enough to significantly limit standing, walking, or daily activities
- You are unable to participate in physical therapy or rehabilitation because of fracture pain
- Imaging shows progressive vertebral height loss or worsening deformity
- You are an older adult at risk of deconditioning from prolonged immobility
- You want to understand whether your fracture would benefit from structural stabilization
A patient from the Centerville area told us: “I wore the brace for five weeks. The pain was not getting better. I could barely get out of bed. Dr. Woods looked at my MRI, showed me the edema in the bone, and told me exactly why the pain was not resolving. Two days after kyphoplasty, I was walking through the grocery store without stopping. I could not believe the difference.” (Shared with permission, name withheld.)
⚠ Seek Immediate Care If You Develop:
⚠ Sudden or rapidly worsening leg weakness
⚠ Loss of bladder or bowel control
⚠ Numbness in the groin or saddle area
⚠ Severe pain following a fall or injury
These symptoms may indicate cauda equina syndrome, a rare but serious condition requiring emergency evaluation. Do not wait for a scheduled appointment.
Ready for Relief? Request an Evaluation at Vertrae® in Dayton
You do not have to keep waiting for a fracture to heal on its own timeline. If pain is controlling your days and conservative management has not been enough, a conversation with Dr. Woods can clarify whether kyphoplasty is the right next step for your specific fracture.
At Vertrae®, every patient is evaluated personally by Dr. Kamal Woods. The goal is clarity: what is happening, what your options are, and what he would recommend. New patients are typically seen promptly — spine is the only thing we do.
Vertrae® | Dayton, Ohio
Serving: Dayton • Beavercreek • Kettering • Centerville • Lebanon • Miamisburg • Cincinnati • Southwest Ohio
Vertrae® Surgery Center: Spine-exclusive outpatient facility • same-day discharge • no general hospital environment
Dr. Kamal Woods, MD, MBA: Double fellowship-trained neurosurgeon • Cedars-Sinai trained • exclusively minimally invasive & robotic spine surgery
Hear This Blog as a Podcast
Prefer to listen? This podcast brief covers kyphoplasty — how the procedure works, who it helps, and what recovery looks like — in a quick format you can listen to on the go.
Read the Full Podcast Transcript
DISCLAIMER: Transcript lightly edited for clarity and readability. The views expressed are intended to explore the full range of clinical considerations in spine care and do not constitute medical advice. For guidance specific to your situation, consult a spine specialist.
This is an overview of kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures — a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that rapidly stabilizes painful collapsed vertebrae, offering fast relief for patients whose fractures are not resolving with conservative care.
How the procedure works. The mechanism is straightforward: the procedure reinforces a collapsed vertebra from the inside in four steps. A pencil-sized incision is made, a balloon is inflated inside the collapsed vertebra to create a cavity and restore height, that cavity is filled with medical-grade bone cement, and the incision is closed with a simple bandage. Unlike vertebroplasty, the balloon creates a preformed cavity — so cement is delivered at lower pressure, significantly reducing the risk of leakage into surrounding tissue.
Who is a candidate. Strong candidates for a Vertrae® evaluation typically present with an acute fracture under three months old, an MRI confirming active bone marrow edema, and severe pain unimproved after four to six weeks of conservative management such as bracing. One important exception: sudden leg weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or groin numbness requires immediate emergency evaluation, not a clinic appointment.
What recovery looks like. Studies show marked improvement in pain scores after kyphoplasty, and many patients feel meaningfully better within the first day. Patients are able to stand and walk the same day. Full recovery takes four to six weeks, and some large meta-analyses have found an association between vertebral augmentation and lower mortality compared with non-surgical management.
The underlying disease. Kyphoplasty stabilizes the fracture — it does not treat osteoporosis. Comprehensive bone health management after the procedure is non-negotiable: DEXA scanning, vitamin D optimization, and weight-bearing activity to prevent the next fracture.
Kyphoplasty can stabilize the treated fracture and may help patients regain mobility more quickly. Long-term bone health is what keeps them moving safely.
Key Takeaway
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that stabilizes painful compression fractures using a balloon and bone cement. Many patients walk the same day, and pain improvement is typically noticeable within the first day or two. The procedure is most effective for acute osteoporotic fractures that have not responded to bracing after 4 to 6 weeks, particularly in patients with severe pain, declining mobility, or poor prognostic MRI findings. Preventing future fractures through comprehensive bone health management is equally important. At Vertrae® in Dayton, Dr. Kamal Woods evaluates every patient personally and matches treatment to the specific fracture, clinical trajectory, and patient goals.
Frequently Asked Questions About Kyphoplasty
What exactly is kyphoplasty?
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that stabilizes a fractured vertebra. A small balloon is inserted into the collapsed bone to create space and restore height, then medical-grade bone cement fills the cavity and hardens within minutes. The incision is very small, and most patients go home the same day.
How quickly does kyphoplasty relieve pain?
Many patients notice meaningful pain relief within the first 24 to 48 hours. Studies show kyphoplasty leads to faster overall relief — median time to sustained pain relief was 4.5 weeks with kyphoplasty compared to 10 weeks with conservative management (Gutierrez-Gonzalez et al., 2023), reflecting time-to-milestone endpoints rather than immediate post-procedure sensation. Studies also show marked improvement in pain scores following the procedure (Cerny et al., 2024). Relief is thought to occur largely because the cement stabilizes the fracture and reduces painful motion at the treated level.
Is kyphoplasty safe?
Yes. When performed by a trained spine specialist, kyphoplasty is a low-risk procedure. Cement leakage occurs in a small percentage of cases but is rarely clinically significant. Serious complications are uncommon. Some large meta-analyses of over 2 million patients have found an association between vertebral augmentation and lower mortality compared with conservative management (Hinde et al., 2020), though these are observational findings and do not establish direct causation.
What is the difference between kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty?
Both procedures stabilize fractures with bone cement. Kyphoplasty uses a balloon to create a cavity first, which allows greater height restoration and lower cement leakage rates. Vertebroplasty injects cement directly without a balloon step. Pain relief and functional outcomes are equivalent between the two. At Vertrae®, Dr. Woods selects the technique based on the specific fracture pattern and patient factors.
Who is a good candidate for kyphoplasty?
Ideal candidates have an imaging-confirmed acute compression fracture (typically within 3 months), moderate to severe pain that has not improved after 4 to 6 weeks of conservative management, and significant functional limitation. MRI showing bone marrow edema confirms the fracture is still active and treatable. The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience provides evidence-based guidelines for patient selection (Sayed et al., 2022).
Will kyphoplasty prevent future fractures?
Kyphoplasty stabilizes the treated fracture but does not prevent new fractures at other levels. Subsequent fracture risk is similar between kyphoplasty and conservative management, which means bone health management is the critical factor. At Vertrae®, every kyphoplasty patient receives a comprehensive bone health plan including DEXA scanning, vitamin D optimization, and appropriate pharmacologic therapy.
Where can I get kyphoplasty in Dayton, Ohio?
Dr. Kamal Woods at Vertrae® in Dayton, Ohio is a double fellowship-trained neurosurgeon and spine surgeon who performs kyphoplasty at Vertrae® Surgery Center, a spine-only outpatient facility designed for same-day discharge. He completed training at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and specializes exclusively in minimally invasive and robotic spine surgery. Patients travel from across Dayton, Kettering, Beavercreek, Centerville, and the greater Cincinnati and Southwest Ohio region.
References
Boonen, S., Van Meirhaeghe, J., Bastian, L., et al. (2011). Balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of acute vertebral compression fractures: 2-year results from a randomized trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 26(7), 1627–1637. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.364
Bragado González, M., Santiago Maniega, S., Crespo-Sanjuan, J., et al. (2024). Early kyphoplasty in the elderly patient. Injury, 55(Suppl 5), 111757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2024.111757
Cerny, J., Soukup, J., Petrosian, K., Loukotova, L., & Novotny, T. (2024). Efficacy and complication rates of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures: A retrospective analysis of 280 patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(5), 1495. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051495
Dai, C., Liang, G., Zhang, Y., Dong, Y., & Zhou, X. (2022). Risk factors of vertebral re-fracture after PVP or PKP for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 17(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-022-03038-z
Daher, M., Kreichati, G., Kharrat, K., & Sebaaly, A. (2023). Vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A meta-analysis. World Neurosurgery, 171, 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2022.11.12
Garfin, S. R., Yuan, H. A., & Reiley, M. A. (2001). New technologies in spine: Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty for the treatment of painful osteoporotic compression fractures. Spine, 26(14), 1511–1515. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200107150-00002
Gutierrez-Gonzalez, R., Royuela, A., & Zamarron, A. (2023). Vertebral compression fractures: Pain relief, progression and new fracture rate comparing vertebral augmentation with brace. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24(1), 898. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-07041-1
Hinde, K., Maingard, J., Hirsch, J. A., et al. (2020). Mortality outcomes of vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology, 295(1), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020191294
Hoshino, M., Takahashi, S., Yasuda, H., et al. (2019). Balloon kyphoplasty versus conservative treatment for acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures with poor prognostic factors. Spine, 44(2), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002769
McIntyre, M. K., Chen, H., Gandhi, D., et al. (2025). Association between inpatient kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty and improved short-term outcomes following acute thoracolumbar compression fractures: A nationwide study. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3171/2025.7.SPINE25652
Phillips, F. M., Ho, E., Campbell-Hupp, M., et al. (2003). Early radiographic and clinical results of balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Spine, 28(19), 2260–2265. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000085092.84097.7B
Sayed, D., Grider, J., Strand, N., et al. (2022). The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience evidence-based clinical guideline of interventional treatments for low back pain. Journal of Pain Research, 15, 3729–3832. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S386879
Wang, B., Zhao, C. P., Song, L. X., & Zhu, L. (2018). Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 13(1), 264. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-018-0952-5
Wardlaw, D., Cummings, S. R., Van Meirhaeghe, J., et al. (2009). Efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty compared with non-surgical care for vertebral compression fracture (FREE): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 373(9668), 1016–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60010-6
Zhang, Y., Ge, J., Liu, H., et al. (2024). Kyphoplasty is associated with reduced mortality risk for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Spine Journal, 33(4), 1490–1497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-08032-5
